Article: what genus is the common dandelion in
December 22, 2020 | Uncategorized
The origin of the species name taraxacum is less clear. Even though dandelion pollen is of poor nutritional quality for honey bees, they readily consume it, and it can be an important source of nutritional diversity in heavily managed monocultures such as that of blueberries. The etymology of Thermopalia taraxaca is essentially “dandelion from the hot, sea-vent hole” (the scientific name of the common dandelion flower is Taraxacum officinale). T. officinale is food for the caterpillars of several Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), such as the tortrix moth Celypha rufana. There are many myths and mysteries about dandelions, including the belief that picking them will cause incontinence. The fruits, called cypselae,[13] range in color from olive-green or olive-brown to straw-colored to grayish, they are oblanceoloid in shape and 2–3 mm (0.079–0.118 in) long with slender beaks. Taraxacum californicum. dandelion species name. It is often thought of as a 'weed' of grassy places. See also List of Lepidoptera that feed on dandelions. The common name comes from the French “dent de lion”—tooth of lion—referring to the sharp leaf lobes. Help. The current genus name Taraxacum derives possibly from the Arabic Tharakhchakon,[11] or from the Greek Tarraxos. [citation needed]. Taraxacum officinale G. H. Weber ex Wiggers", "Taraxacum officinale complex (dandelion)", "The Diuretic Effect in Human Subjects of an Extract of Taraxacum officinale Folium over a Single Day", "Taraxalisin -- a serine proteinase from dandelion Taraxacum officinale Webb s.l", Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taraxacum_officinale&oldid=994855960, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2020, Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from April 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 17 December 2020, at 21:59. vulgare (Lam.) [38] When released, the seeds can be spread by the wind up to several hundred meters from their source. BACK TO genus Taraxacum PLANTOPEDIA: Browse flowering plants by Scientific Name, Common Name, Genus, Family or Origin The Plants Database includes the following 9 species of Taraxacum . This group consists of dandelions that have a diploid set of chromosomes, and are sexually self-incompatible. Wigg. The seeds are also a common contaminant in crop and forage seeds. The fruits have 4 to 12 ribs that have sharp edges. Its blooms resemble some of the species of Sonchus, but are larger. Scientific Name for Dandelion? Sexual reproduction involves a reduction of the somatic chromosome number by meiosis followed by a restoration of the somatic chromosome number by fertilization. The leaves are high in beta-carotene, vitamin C and iron. These scientific names are the combination of two terms: the genus and the species. Registered charity number 207238. [54] It may be related to the Greek word ταρασσω (tarasso) meaning to disturb. The specific name officinalis refers to its value as a medicinal herb, and is derived from the word opificina, later officina, meaning a workshop or pharmacy. Wigg. The stems can be glabrous or sparsely covered with short hairs. It occurs in all 50 states of the US and most Canadian provinces. Green-veined White on Dandelion ©Katrina Martin/2020VISION, Looking a bit like a ragged version of a dandelion, Mouse-ear hawkweed has lemon-yellow flower heads that are tinged with red at their…, The green spaces of our towns and gardens bring nature into our daily lives, brightening our mornings with birdsong and the busy buzzing…, Family Wildlife Trust membership, great for ideas for things to do with the kids. Taraxacum officinale F.H. In Silesia and other parts of Poland and the world, dandelion flowers are used to make a honey substitute syrup with added lemon (so-called May-honey). [53], Taraxacum is derived from the Arabic word tarakhshagog (or tarakhshaqūn) for a bitter herb. In many lineages, fruits are mostly produced by apomixis,[11] notwithstanding the flowers are visited by many types of insects. [26], The second group consists of polyploid (mostly triploid) apomicts, meaning that both a viable embryo as well as a functional endosperm is formed without prior fertilization. [30], Carl Linnaeus named the species Leontodon taraxacum in 1753. Species. Click below on a thumbnail map or name for subspecies profiles. Dandelions scientific name comes from the Greek words for “disorder” and “remedy.” The Greeks felt that no matter what ailed you, dandelion would help In China, and dandelion has been used to treat serious conditions for more than 1,000 years. The seeded dandelion head is an incredible efficient means of population. The lanceolate shaped bractlets are in two series, with the apices acuminate in shape. Plants typically have 24 or 40 pairs of chromosomes, while some have 16 or 32 pairs. Gledhill, David (2008). "The Names of Plants". T. officinale is considered a weed, especially in lawns and along roadsides, but it is sometimes used as a medical herb and in food preparation. PLEASE NOTE: A coloured Province or State means this species occurs somewhere in that Province/State. The Flora of Victoria (1994) list two Australian native species (Native Dandelion – T. cygnorum from the far south-west and Mountain Dandelion – T. aristum from the subalpine ranges) and one species group, one unnamed species and four sections containing the introduced species. It has a rosette of leaves at the base of the plant; a deep taproot; a smooth, hollow stem; and a solitary yellow flower head composed only of … [56] Rudenskaya et al. These European dandelions can be divided into two groups. Scientific Name: Taraxacum officinale . – See more at: How to Grow and Care for Dandelion. – common dandelion P: Subspecies Taraxacum officinale F.H. The taxonomy of the genus Taraxacum is complicated by apomictic and polyploid lineages, and the taxonomy and nomenclatural situation of Taraxacum officinale is not yet fully resolved. [12], The leaves are 5–45 cm (2.0–17.7 in) long and 1–10 cm (0.39–3.94 in) wide, and are oblanceolate, oblong, or obovate in shape, with the bases gradually narrowing to the petiole. The silky pappi, which form the parachutes, are white to silver-white in color and around 6 mm wide. [18] Plants that have been disseminated or escaped as a result of human activity, and become established somewhere within the United States, Canada or Greenland. | Alaska Natural Heritage Program", "The biology of Canadian weeds. The common dandelion is well known for its yellow flower heads that turn into round balls of silver-tufted fruits that disperse in the wind. 1962. The calyculi (the cuplike bracts that hold the florets) are composed of 12 to 18 segments: each segment is reflexed and sometimes glaucous. [57], Species of flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae, Dandelion flower (left) and ripe fruits (right), 1897 illustration from Franz Eugen Köhler, Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen. Subordinate Taxa. Type (biology) - Wikipedia Tap-root plants like dandelions break up dense soil and bring nutrients from below a tomato plant's reach, possibly benefiting their companion. Dandelion Beer is a rustic fermented drink common in many parts of the country and made also in Canada. Genus Taraxacum F.H. Two species, T. officinale and T. erythrospermum, are found as weeds worldwide. Top Answer. Asteraceae ⁄ Compositae – Aster family. Ground roasted dandelion root can be used as a non-caffeinated coffee substitute. The yellow flower heads lack receptacle bracts and all the flowers, which are called florets, are ligulate and bisexual. There is a Red-seeded Dandelion ( Taraxacum erythrospermum ) that is largely indistinguishable from T. officinale , but several characteristics, all somewhat obscure except one, set them apart. Wigg. They are an invasive species in some areas. The Common Dandelion is common and widespread throughout the UK, Ireland a much of Europe. The common name dandelion comes from the French 'dent de lion' which translates to "lion's tooth" referring to the deep green leaves that are toothed. The foliage may be upright-growing or horizontally spreading; the leaves have petioles that are either unwinged or narrowly winged. It is estimated that more than 97,000,000 seeds/hectare could be produced yearly by a dense stand of dandelions. David McKay, New York. December 3, 2020. common dandelion genus ceratophorum (common dandelion) | USDA PLANTS", "Taraxacum ceratophorum in Flora of North America @", "What is AKEPIC? Schinz ex Thell. Taraxacum officinale grows from generally unbranched taproots and produces one to more than ten stems that are typically 5–40 cm (2.0–15.7 in) tall, but sometimes up to 70 cm (28 in) tall. Dandelion, weedy perennial herb of the genus Taraxacum of the family Asteraceae, native to Eurasia but widespread throughout much of temperate North America. [36], The dandelion is a common colonizer of disturbed habitats, both from wind blown seeds and seed germination from the seed bank. The leaf margins are typically shallowly lobed to deeply lobed and often lacerate or toothed with sharp or dull teeth.[11]. The scientific name of the common dandelion is Taraxacum officinale. Wigg", "Taraxacum campylodes G.E.Haglund — The Plant List", "Definition of "blowball" - Collins English Dictionary", "dandelion clock - Definition from Longman English Dictionary Online", "Clock dictionary definition - clock defined", "Competition for pollinators and intra-communal spectral dissimilarity of flowers", "Taraxacum officinale in Flora of North America @", "Ecological and evolutionary opportunities of apomixis: insights from, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, "ITIS Standard Report Page: Taraxacum officinale", "PLANTS Profile for Taraxacum officinale ssp. [35] It is also an important weed in agriculture and causes significant economic damage because of its infestation in many crops worldwide. For example, Rothmaler's flora of Germany recognizes roughly 70 microspecies. The plants introduced to North America are triploids that reproduce by obligate gametophytic apomixis Some authorities recogni… Usually the young leaves and unopened buds are eaten raw in salads, while older leaves are cooked. The 14–25 mm (0.55–0.98 in) wide involucres are green to dark green or brownish-green, with the tips dark gray or purplish. Wigg. What is the scientific name for the dandelion? In April they almost dominate the landscape. [26], Taraxacum officinale has many English common names (some of which are no longer in use), including blowball, lion's-tooth, cankerwort, milk-witch, yellow-gowan, Irish daisy, monks-head, priest's-crown and puff-ball;[27] other common names include, faceclock, pee-a-bed, wet-a-bed,[28] swine's snout,[29] white endive, and wild endive. It can be both a pioneer species on freshly disturbed soil and a longer-term constituent of established vegetation. Plants have milky latex and the leaves are all basal; each flowering stem lacks bracts and has one single flower head. Scientific name: Taraxacum officinale. The florets number 40 to over 100 per head, having corollas that are yellow or orange-yellow in color. It can be found growing in temperate regions of the world, in lawns, on roadsides, on disturbed banks and shores of waterways, and other areas with moist soils. Range map for Common Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale). The leaves (called dandelion greens) can be eaten cooked or raw in various forms, such as in soup or salad. Subordinate Taxa. The common dandelion is a most familiar flower: counting down the 'clock', while blowing the fluffy seeds from its head, is a favourite childhood game. (1998) found that taraxalisin hydrolyzes a chromogenic peptide substrate Glp-Ala-Ala-Leu-pNA optimally at pH 8.0. Workmen in the furnaces and potteries of the industrial towns of the Midlands have frequent resource to many of the tonic Herb Beers, finding them cheaper and less intoxicating than ordinary beer, and Dandelion stout ranks as a favourite. Recognized by USDA PLANTS images and USDA Plants data. – dandelion P: Species Taraxacum officinale F.H. Taraxacum officinale technically also gets called dandelion (and common dandelion) in addition to the genus as a whole. [42] Another plant, sometimes referred to as fall dandelion, is very similar to dandelion, but produces "yellow fields" later. They are native to Eurasia and North America, and two species, T. officinale and T. erythrospermum, are found as weeds worldwide. The plants introduced to North America are triploids that reproduce by obligate gametophytic apomixis[14][19] Some authorities recognize three subspecies of Taraxacum officinale including:[20][21], Two of them have been introduced and established in Alaska and the third (ssp. Broadleaf perennial weed, fast-spreading, generally spread by seed, but once established are not affected by pre-emergent herbicides. Taraxacum officinale, the common dandelion[5] (often simply called "dandelion"), is a flowering herbaceous perennial plant of the family Asteraceae (Compositae). The young leaves can be eaten raw or cooked. Raw leaves have a slightly bitter taste. Dandelion salad is often accompanied with hard-boiled eggs. form of Fr.,=lion's tooth], any plant of the genus Taraxacum of the family Asteraceae (aster aster [Gr.,=star], common name for the Asteraceae (Compositae), the aster family, in North America, name for plants of the genus Aster, sometimes called wild asters, and for a related plant more correctly called China aster (Callistephus chinensis 117. Common dandelion is the familiar weed of lawns and roadsides. common dandelion scientific name. Counting down the clock as you blow the fluffy seeds from the head of a Common Dandelion is a familiar game to each and every one of us. Wigg. Taraxacum F.H. [54][verification needed], The Latin specific epithet officinale refers to the Latin word for 'medicinal' or 'of the apothecaries'. In contrast to the sexual diploids, the pairing of chromosomes at metaphase I in triploid apomicts is strongly reduced. Common dandelion. dandelion; Other Scientific Names. Links. For example, the common dandelion is a controversial taxon: some botanists consider it to consist of over a hundred species, and others regard it as a single species. They are probably closest in character to mustard greens. Some taxonomists have divided up the genus Taraxacum into many different species based upon small distinctions, but in this key a smaller number of species is recognized. ... Genus. Taraxacum officinale F.H. [34], T. officinale can serve as an indicator plant for soil potassium and calcium, as the plant favours soils deficient in the latter but rich in the former. [51], Dandelion has been used in traditional medicine in Europe, North America, and China. Gibbons, E. Stalking the Wild Asparagus. – dandelion. The common dandelion is a most familiar flower: counting down the 'clock', while blowing the fluffy seeds from its head, is a favourite childhood game. Taraxacum. The taproot can be boiled and eaten or dried and ground as a base for a hot drink. The taxonomy of this genus has been complicated by the recognition of numerous species, subspecies and microspecies. Also, the seeds are very easy to collect and process for birdseed. This species is a somewhat prolific seed producer, with 54 to 172 seeds produced per head, and a single plant can produce more than 5,000 seeds a year. The stems can be tinted purplish, they are upright or lax, and produce flower heads that are held as tall or taller than the foliage. The Wildlife Trusts is a movement made up of 46 Wildlife Trusts: independent charities with a shared mission. It grows in temperate regions of the world, in lawns, on roadsides, on disturbed banks and shores of waterways, and other areas with moist soils. Comments: There are about 2500 species of Dandelion but species delimitations for Australia are unclear. Origin. The first group reproduces sexually, as do most seed plants. It should be noted that there are at least fifteen known species of rhodaliid siphonophores. [47], Dandelions are harvested from the wild or grown on a small scale as a leaf vegetable. They form deep taproots and the whole plant contains a milky latex sap. dandelion [Eng. [55], Taraxalisin is a serine proteinase found in the latex of dandelion roots. Taraxacum officinale F.H. Genus: Taraxacum. The two most common sources in North American dandelion honey are Taraxacum officinale (the common dandelion) and Taraxacum laevigatum (red-seed or rock dandelion). Also see Dandelion … Genus. Whether it goes by the name dandelion, cankerwort, puffball or lion's tooth, the hundreds of plants in the genus Taraxacum typically have a bad reputation with gardeners. [31], Taraxacum officinale is native to Europe and Asia,[32] and was originally imported to America as a food crop. Dandelion and burdock is a soft drink that has long been popular in the United Kingdom. The entire Province/State is coloured, regardless of where in that Province/State it occurs. [25] It is considered a noxious weed in some jurisdictions,[34] and is considered to be a nuisance in residential and recreational lawns in North America. [44], While the dandelion is considered a weed by most gardeners and especially lawn owners, the plant has several culinary uses. dandelion. Dandelion Varieties. Native … Dandelion is native to Europe but found throughout temperate regions in the Northern Hemisphere. Post navigation ← Previous News And Events Posted on December 2, 2020 by [52], Yellow dye colors can be obtained from the flowers but little color can be obtained from the roots of the plant. Our commitment to Equality, Diversity & Inclusion (EDI), Different types of protected wildlife sites. Called the red-seeded dandelion (T. erythrospermum), it, too, was introduced long ago from Europe. Take a look at Dandelion family classification in the upcoming sections. [14] The taxonomy of this genus has been complicated by the recognition of numerous species,[17] subspecies and microspecies. ceratophorum) is native there.[25]. Cambridge University Press. The scientific name of Dandelion is Taraxacum while its common name is Dandelion. Common Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) flower being visited by a flying insect (species unknown). Genus. – common dandelion. [49] It has also been used in a saison ale called Pissenlit (the French word for dandelion, literally meaning "wet the bed") made by Brasserie Fantôme in Belgium. Comments: There are about 2500 species of Dandelion but species delimitations for Australia are unclear. Wigg. Allergenicity: No allergy has been reported for Common Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) species. [37] The seeds remain viable in the seed bank for many years, with one study showing germination after nine years. Wigg. The monofloral dandelion honey is derived from the nectar of flowers in the genus Taraxacum. [14], The taxonomy of the genus Taraxacum is complicated by apomictic and polyploid lineages,[15][16] and the taxonomy and nomenclatural situation of Taraxacum officinale is not yet fully resolved. Posted by December 12, 2020 Leave a comment on dandelion species name December 12, 2020 Leave a comment on dandelion species name The plant has bright yellow flowers that are made of many tiny florets. common dandelion genus. [43], T. officinale has a fossil record that goes back to glacial and interglacial times in Europe. Click on a scientific name below to expand it in the PLANTS Classification Report. [6][7][8][9] The name "blowball" has also been used.[10]. [33] It is now naturalized throughout North America, southern Africa, South America, New Zealand, Australia, and India. Dandelion. [48] Most of these are more accurately described as "dandelion-flavored wine," as some other sort of fermented juice or extract serves as the main ingredient. Wigg. Diploid dandelions have eight pairs of chromosomes, and meiosis is regular with normal pairing of homologous chromosomes at the metaphase I stage of meiosis. However pairing is still sufficient to allow some recombination between homologous chromosomes. Click below on a thumbnail map or name for species profiles. It is often thought of as a 'weed' of grassy places. The plants are adaptable to most soils and the seeds are not dependent on cold temperatures before they will germinate but they need to be within the top 2.5 cm (1 in) of soil.[25]. Native Introduced Native and Introduced. Dandelion flowers can be used to make dandelion wine, for which there are many recipes. The Plants Database includes the following 2 subspecies of Taraxacum officinale . The phrase refers to … The only way to identify it with certainty is to examine mature fruits (seeds), which in this species, are dull brick red to reddish or purplish brown (not olive-colored to greenish brown, as in the common dandelion). Description. Wigg. Another recipe using the plant is dandelion flower jam. [39][40] Honey bees have not been shown to lower their pollination activity on nearby fruit crops when foraging on dandelions. List of Lepidoptera that feed on dandelions, https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/202994/2758459, "Tropicos - Name - !Taraxacum officinale F.H. – dandelion. << Taraxacum is a large genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. Ready 4 Solar. The dandelion’s name comes from the French phrase “dent de lion”, which means "lion's tooth". [31] The common name dandelion comes from the French dent de lion, or "lion's tooth", in reference to the plant's jagged-edged leaves. ssp. The common name dandelion from French dent-de-lion, meaning [45] The flowers are used to make dandelion wine,[46] the greens are used in salads, the roots have been used to make a coffee substitute (when baked and ground into powder) and the plant was used by Native Americans as a food and medicine. – common dandelion P : Contains 2 Subspecies and 2 accepted taxa overall : Down one level : Subspecies Taraxacum officinale F.H. [50], T. officinale's diuretic properties have been well described, with the leaves of this plant having been used for this purpose in traditional Chinese medicine for approximately 2,000 years, with other regions of the world using the plant in the same way; in French, a common name for T. officinale is pissenlit, 'a colorful description of its diuretic activity.' Not generally used in the home landscape. Taraxacum F.H. These 'dandelion clocks' can carpet a grassland in fluffy white pillows straight after the bright yellow, gaudy flowers have already coloured it gold. Taraxacum officinale L. (dandelion) is a vigorous weed in Europe with diploid sexual populations in the southern regions and partially overlapping populations of diploid sexuals and triploid or tetraploid apomicts in the central and northern regions. References: Fernald (1933), Brouillet (2006). For example, Rothmaler's flora of Germany recognizes roughly 70 microspecies. These balls are usually called "clocks" in both British and American English. [41], While not in bloom, this species is sometimes confused with others, such as Chondrilla juncea, that have similar basal rosettes of foliage. [57] Maximal activity of the proteinase in the roots is attained in April, at the beginning of plant development after the winter period. You'll get a fun kids wildlife magazine packed…, The Wildlife Trusts: Protecting Wildlife for the Future. 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Germination after nine years subspecies profiles https: //www.iucnredlist.org/species/202994/2758459, `` Tropicos - name - Taraxacum... Recipe using the plant is dandelion flower jam and causes significant economic damage because of its infestation in many,. Tharakhchakon, [ 17 ] subspecies and 2 accepted taxa overall: one! 1933 ), Brouillet ( 2006 ) soft drink that has long been in! Metaphase I in triploid apomicts is strongly reduced this genus has been in... Teeth. [ 25 ], generally spread by the wind up to several hundred meters their! Wild or grown on a thumbnail map or name for species profiles will cause incontinence after nine years the! That feed on dandelions, https: //www.iucnredlist.org/species/202994/2758459, `` the biology of Canadian weeds is strongly.. Dandelion ) in addition to the sexual diploids, the Wildlife Trusts: independent charities with a mission...
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